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At right is displayed the color traditionally called liver. The first recorded use of ''liver'' as a color name in English was in 1686.〔Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York: 1930 McGraw-Hill Page 198; Color Sample of Liver: Page 37 Plate 7 Color Sample H9〕 The source of this color is: (ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (1955)--Color Sample of Liver (color sample #36) ). Liver may also refer to a group of certain types of dark brown color in dogs and horses. Said nomenclature may also refer to the color of the organ. ==Liver in dogs== In dogs, the Liver color is caused by dilution of the eumelanin (black) pigment by the B locus. The gene that causes Liver is recessive, so a BB or Bb dog has normal black pigment. Only a bb dog is Liver. There are actually several different recessive b genes, but they all turn the coat brown. They are only distinguishable through genetic testing.〔Use of copyrighted material rationale:No material was actually used, just referenced.〕 Liver may also be called different names such as Brown, Chocolate, or Red. Red is actually a very misleading term, and should be avoided when referring to Liver because it can be confused for phaeomelanin pigment. This second pigment is what actually colors all the "true red" or yellow parts of a dog. Liver dilution can also be combined with other genes that dilute a dog's coat. The D locus dilutes black pigment to a blue-grey color usually called Blue. It is a recessive trait like Liver. When a dog has both Liver and Blue dilution, it will appear to be a light, warm-gray color known as Isabella. This is the color of Weimaraners. This color also has alternate names such as Liliac or Silver. When Liver is combined with Merle, the eumelanin (black) pigment is further diluted in random patches. This usually creates a light reddish-gray dog with dark brown patches. This color is often called "Red Merle" even though that is misleading. A more correct name would be Liver Merle or Chocolate Merle. There are many other dog colors that can look like brown, but are not Liver. A dog that is very dark red, like an Irish Setter may sometimes appear brown. Dogs with a blend of Black and Red/Yellow fur can also look like they have brown areas. An easy way to tell if a dog is Liver or not is to look at their nose. Eumelanin (black) pigment colors a dog's nose, so a Liver dog will have a Liver colored nose. If the nose is black, the dog is definitely not a Liver! A pink nose has nothing to do with Liver dilution, and will not help you determine if a dog is Liver or not. Liver will also dilute a dog's brown eyes to amber/yellow. It is also possible for a dog to be a Liver, and not appear brown. A dog that is recessive red cannot produce eumelanin (black) pigment in their fur. Since Liver is a dilution of black pigment, a recessive red Liver dog will appear to be a shade of Red, Yellow, or Cream depending on the intensity of the dog's phaeomelanin (red) pigment. A recessive red Liver will still be born with a Liver nose and amber/yellow eyes. It is common for the nose of any recessive red dog to fade to pink as they grow older. Livers, like any dog, can also be covered with varying amounts of white which will hide the color of the fur. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Liver (color)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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